Geochemistry of isotopes
Background. Elements and their occurrence in Universe. The isotopic
Geochemistry as tool of investigation of present environment and
reconstruction of environmental changes in the past. Main elements
used in environmental studies. Standards applied in isotopic methods.
Measuring methods and methodology of samples preparation. Problems
of standarization of methods and results. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes
geochemistry. The isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation.
Tritium in meteoric waters. Isotopic fractionation in evaporation and
the condensation of water steam. The isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen
in ice and snow. Elements of isotopic hydrology. Isotopes of carbon.
The isotopic composition of carbon in atmosphere. Photosynthesis and
composition of isotopic carbon in plants. The isotopic composition of
carbon in organic fraction of different sediments and the fossil fuels.
Isotope 14C: the formation and circulation in nature, main reservoirs
of isotope 14C, isotope 14C anthropogenic origin. The isotopic
composition of rocks, the molluscs' and shell carbonates. Isotopes
of sulfur. Isotopic composition and fractionation of sulfur isotopes
in natural environment. Sulphur cycle in nature. Isotopes of nitrogen.
Occurrence isotope 15N in natural environment: organic matter, soils,
hydrosphere. Cycle of nitrogen. Geochemistry of uranium isotopes. Isotopic
composition of natural uranium. The isotopic composition of uranium in
sea waters, oceanic and inland.
Dating rocks and minerals by radiocarbon, uranium - thorium,
leaded and luminescence methods
Bibliography
Geyh M.A., Schleicher H., 1990. Absolute Age Determination,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
Morse J. M., Mackenzie F. T., 1990. Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates,
Elsevier Science Publishers.
Fritz P. and Fontes J.Ch., (eds.), 1980. Handbook of Environmental
Isotope Geochemistry. Terrestrial environment A, Vol.1, Elsevier.
Fritz P. and Fontes J.Ch., (eds.), 1986. Handbook of Environmental
Isotope Geochemistry. Terrestrial environment B, Vol.2, Elsevier.
Polański A., 1979. Izotopy w geologii, Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Polański A., 1988. Podstawy geochemii, Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Papers in Journals according to suggestion of lecturer
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