Methods of low radioactivity measurements in natural and man
transformed changed environment
Introduction
Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
Interaction of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta gamma and neutrons) with matter.
Construction, properties and application of G-M counters,
gas proportional counters, scintilation counters and semiconductor counters.
Concept of nuclear radiation energy spectrometers.
Contents
The statistical conditions.
Radioactivity of the environment.
Materials for low-level radioactivity technique.
The cosmic rays.
The material shields.
The active shields.
The underground laboratories.
Background of the gas proportional counters.
The rise-time discrimination method (RTD).
The Compton spectrometers.
Stands with gas proportional counters.
Stands with liquid scintillators for measurements of beta radioactivity.
Scintillation spectrometers of gamma radiation.
Semiconductor spectrometers of gamma radiation.
Low-level counting with atomic mass spectrometry (AMS).
Tutorials
- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS OF RADIOACTIVITY - AN EXAMPLE OF RADIOCARBON OF RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT USING GAS COUNTER
- THE TECHNIQUE OF ALPHA ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT
- MEASUREMENTS OF GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
- DETERMINATION OF BETA RADIOACTIVITY BY MEANS OF LIQUID SCINTILLATION BETA SPECTROMETRY METHOD
Bibliography
- D.H. Wilkinson, 1950. Ionization chambers and counters, Cambridge.
- B.Birks, 1953. Scintillation counters. Pergamon Press, London.
- S.C. Curran, 1953. Luminescence and the scintillation counter. Butterworth, London.
- Price W. J., 1958. Nuclear Radiation Detection, McGraw-Hill, New York.
- E. Funfer, H. Neuert, 1959 Zahlrohre und szintillatioszhler. Verlag G.Braun Karlsruhe.
- J.M. Massalski, 1959 Detekcja Promieniowania Jądrowego. PWN.
- E. Funfer, H. Neuert, 1960 Liczniki promieniowania. PWN.
- Siegbahn K., 1965. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, North-Holland.
- Theodorsson P., 1996. Measurement of Weak Radioactivity, World Scientific Publishing Company.
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